cpp0x refers to the working name for C++11, which was previously known as C++0x before its final release. C++11 is a major revision of the C++ language standard, published in 2011, and brought several new features and improvements to the language.
Some of the notable features in C++11 include:
Auto keyword for automatic type inference.
auto i = 42; // i is an int
auto s = "hello"; // s is a const char*
Range-based for loop for easier iteration over containers.
std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3};
for (int i : vec) {
std::cout << i << std::endl;
}
Lambda functions for creating anonymous functions.
auto add = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };
int result = add(3, 4); // result is 7
nullptr for representing null pointer values, instead of using NULL.
int* p = nullptr;
Rvalue references and move semantics to optimize the handling of temporary objects.
std::string str1 = "hello";
std::string str2 = std::move(str1); // move the content of str1 to str2
Variadic templates for creating templates that take a variable number of arguments.
template <typename... Args>
void printArgs(Args... args) {
// function body
}
Static assertions for compile-time assertions.
static_assert(sizeof(int) == 4, "This code requires int to be 4 bytes.");
Thread support for multithreading programming.
#include <thread>
void my_function() {
// thread function body
}
int main() {
std::thread t(my_function);
t.join();
return 0;
}
These are just a few examples of the many new features introduced in C++11. For a comprehensive list, you can refer to the C++11 documentation.